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wave base
The wave base, in physical oceanography, is the maximum depth at which a water wave's passage causes significant water motion. For water depths deeper than the wave base, bottom sediments and the seafloor are no longer stirred by the wave motion above.
==Process==
In seawater, the water particles are moved in a circular orbital motion when a wave passes. The radius of the circle of motion for any given water molecule decreases exponentially with increasing depth. The wave base, which is the depth of influence of a water wave, is about half the wavelength.
At depths greater than half the wavelength, the water motion is less than 4% of its value at the water surface〔At a depth of half the wave length, the amplitude of the water particle motion by the waves has been reduced to ''e-π ≈ 0.04'' times it value at the water surface.〕 and may be neglected.
For example, in a pool of water deep, a wave with a wavelength would barely be moving the water at the bottom. In the same pool, a wave with a wavelength of would not be able to cause water movement on the bottom.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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